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Your IP : 3.22.130.228
"""
----------------------------------------------
turtleDemo - Help
----------------------------------------------
This document has two sections:
(1) How to use the demo viewer
(2) How to add your own demos to the demo repository
(1) How to use the demo viewer.
Select a demoscript from the example menu.
The (syntax colored) source code appears in the left
source code window. IT CANNOT BE EDITED, but ONLY VIEWED!
The demo viewer windows can be resized. The divider between text
and canvas can be moved by grabbing it with the mouse. The text font
size can be changed from the menu and with Control/Command '-'/'+'.
It can also be changed on most systems with Control-mousewheel
when the mouse is over the text.
Press START button to start the demo.
Stop execution by pressing the STOP button.
Clear screen by pressing the CLEAR button.
Restart by pressing the START button again.
SPECIAL demos, such as clock.py are those which run EVENTDRIVEN.
Press START button to start the demo.
- Until the EVENTLOOP is entered everything works
as in an ordinary demo script.
- When the EVENTLOOP is entered, you control the
application by using the mouse and/or keys (or it's
controlled by some timer events)
To stop it you can and must press the STOP button.
While the EVENTLOOP is running, the examples menu is disabled.
- Only after having pressed the STOP button, you may
restart it or choose another example script.
* * * * * * * *
In some rare situations there may occur interferences/conflicts
between events concerning the demo script and those concerning the
demo-viewer. (They run in the same process.) Strange behaviour may be
the consequence and in the worst case you must close and restart the
viewer.
* * * * * * * *
(2) How to add your own demos to the demo repository
- Place the file in the same directory as turtledemo/__main__.py
IMPORTANT! When imported, the demo should not modify the system
by calling functions in other modules, such as sys, tkinter, or
turtle. Global variables should be initialized in main().
- The code must contain a main() function which will
be executed by the viewer (see provided example scripts).
It may return a string which will be displayed in the Label below
the source code window (when execution has finished.)
- In order to run mydemo.py by itself, such as during development,
add the following at the end of the file:
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
mainloop() # keep window open
python -m turtledemo.mydemo # will then run it
- If the demo is EVENT DRIVEN, main must return the string
"EVENTLOOP". This informs the demo viewer that the script is
still running and must be stopped by the user!
If an "EVENTLOOP" demo runs by itself, as with clock, which uses
ontimer, or minimal_hanoi, which loops by recursion, then the
code should catch the turtle.Terminator exception that will be
raised when the user presses the STOP button. (Paint is not such
a demo; it only acts in response to mouse clicks and movements.)
"""
import sys
import os
from tkinter import *
from idlelib.colorizer import ColorDelegator, color_config
from idlelib.percolator import Percolator
from idlelib.textview import view_text
from turtledemo import __doc__ as about_turtledemo
import turtle
demo_dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__))
darwin = sys.platform == 'darwin'
STARTUP = 1
READY = 2
RUNNING = 3
DONE = 4
EVENTDRIVEN = 5
menufont = ("Arial", 12, NORMAL)
btnfont = ("Arial", 12, 'bold')
txtfont = ['Lucida Console', 10, 'normal']
MINIMUM_FONT_SIZE = 6
MAXIMUM_FONT_SIZE = 100
font_sizes = [8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 18, 20, 22, 24, 30]
def getExampleEntries():
return [entry[:-3] for entry in os.listdir(demo_dir) if
entry.endswith(".py") and entry[0] != '_']
help_entries = ( # (help_label, help_doc)
('Turtledemo help', __doc__),
('About turtledemo', about_turtledemo),
('About turtle module', turtle.__doc__),
)
class DemoWindow(object):
def __init__(self, filename=None):
self.root = root = turtle._root = Tk()
root.title('Python turtle-graphics examples')
root.wm_protocol("WM_DELETE_WINDOW", self._destroy)
if darwin:
import subprocess
# Make sure we are the currently activated OS X application
# so that our menu bar appears.
subprocess.run(
[
'osascript',
'-e', 'tell application "System Events"',
'-e', 'set frontmost of the first process whose '
'unix id is {} to true'.format(os.getpid()),
'-e', 'end tell',
],
stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL,
stdout=subprocess.DEVNULL,)
root.grid_rowconfigure(0, weight=1)
root.grid_columnconfigure(0, weight=1)
root.grid_columnconfigure(1, minsize=90, weight=1)
root.grid_columnconfigure(2, minsize=90, weight=1)
root.grid_columnconfigure(3, minsize=90, weight=1)
self.mBar = Menu(root, relief=RAISED, borderwidth=2)
self.mBar.add_cascade(menu=self.makeLoadDemoMenu(self.mBar),
label='Examples', underline=0)
self.mBar.add_cascade(menu=self.makeFontMenu(self.mBar),
label='Fontsize', underline=0)
self.mBar.add_cascade(menu=self.makeHelpMenu(self.mBar),
label='Help', underline=0)
root['menu'] = self.mBar
pane = PanedWindow(orient=HORIZONTAL, sashwidth=5,
sashrelief=SOLID, bg='#ddd')
pane.add(self.makeTextFrame(pane))
pane.add(self.makeGraphFrame(pane))
pane.grid(row=0, columnspan=4, sticky='news')
self.output_lbl = Label(root, height= 1, text=" --- ", bg="#ddf",
font=("Arial", 16, 'normal'), borderwidth=2,
relief=RIDGE)
self.start_btn = Button(root, text=" START ", font=btnfont,
fg="white", disabledforeground = "#fed",
command=self.startDemo)
self.stop_btn = Button(root, text=" STOP ", font=btnfont,
fg="white", disabledforeground = "#fed",
command=self.stopIt)
self.clear_btn = Button(root, text=" CLEAR ", font=btnfont,
fg="white", disabledforeground="#fed",
command = self.clearCanvas)
self.output_lbl.grid(row=1, column=0, sticky='news', padx=(0,5))
self.start_btn.grid(row=1, column=1, sticky='ew')
self.stop_btn.grid(row=1, column=2, sticky='ew')
self.clear_btn.grid(row=1, column=3, sticky='ew')
Percolator(self.text).insertfilter(ColorDelegator())
self.dirty = False
self.exitflag = False
if filename:
self.loadfile(filename)
self.configGUI(DISABLED, DISABLED, DISABLED,
"Choose example from menu", "black")
self.state = STARTUP
def onResize(self, event):
cwidth = self._canvas.winfo_width()
cheight = self._canvas.winfo_height()
self._canvas.xview_moveto(0.5*(self.canvwidth-cwidth)/self.canvwidth)
self._canvas.yview_moveto(0.5*(self.canvheight-cheight)/self.canvheight)
def makeTextFrame(self, root):
self.text_frame = text_frame = Frame(root)
self.text = text = Text(text_frame, name='text', padx=5,
wrap='none', width=45)
color_config(text)
self.vbar = vbar = Scrollbar(text_frame, name='vbar')
vbar['command'] = text.yview
vbar.pack(side=LEFT, fill=Y)
self.hbar = hbar = Scrollbar(text_frame, name='hbar', orient=HORIZONTAL)
hbar['command'] = text.xview
hbar.pack(side=BOTTOM, fill=X)
text['yscrollcommand'] = vbar.set
text['xscrollcommand'] = hbar.set
text['font'] = tuple(txtfont)
shortcut = 'Command' if darwin else 'Control'
text.bind_all('<%s-minus>' % shortcut, self.decrease_size)
text.bind_all('<%s-underscore>' % shortcut, self.decrease_size)
text.bind_all('<%s-equal>' % shortcut, self.increase_size)
text.bind_all('<%s-plus>' % shortcut, self.increase_size)
text.bind('<Control-MouseWheel>', self.update_mousewheel)
text.bind('<Control-Button-4>', self.increase_size)
text.bind('<Control-Button-5>', self.decrease_size)
text.pack(side=LEFT, fill=BOTH, expand=1)
return text_frame
def makeGraphFrame(self, root):
turtle._Screen._root = root
self.canvwidth = 1000
self.canvheight = 800
turtle._Screen._canvas = self._canvas = canvas = turtle.ScrolledCanvas(
root, 800, 600, self.canvwidth, self.canvheight)
canvas.adjustScrolls()
canvas._rootwindow.bind('<Configure>', self.onResize)
canvas._canvas['borderwidth'] = 0
self.screen = _s_ = turtle.Screen()
turtle.TurtleScreen.__init__(_s_, _s_._canvas)
self.scanvas = _s_._canvas
turtle.RawTurtle.screens = [_s_]
return canvas
def set_txtsize(self, size):
txtfont[1] = size
self.text['font'] = tuple(txtfont)
self.output_lbl['text'] = 'Font size %d' % size
def decrease_size(self, dummy=None):
self.set_txtsize(max(txtfont[1] - 1, MINIMUM_FONT_SIZE))
return 'break'
def increase_size(self, dummy=None):
self.set_txtsize(min(txtfont[1] + 1, MAXIMUM_FONT_SIZE))
return 'break'
def update_mousewheel(self, event):
# For wheel up, event.delta = 120 on Windows, -1 on darwin.
# X-11 sends Control-Button-4 event instead.
if (event.delta < 0) == (not darwin):
return self.decrease_size()
else:
return self.increase_size()
def configGUI(self, start, stop, clear, txt="", color="blue"):
self.start_btn.config(state=start,
bg="#d00" if start == NORMAL else "#fca")
self.stop_btn.config(state=stop,
bg="#d00" if stop == NORMAL else "#fca")
self.clear_btn.config(state=clear,
bg="#d00" if clear == NORMAL else "#fca")
self.output_lbl.config(text=txt, fg=color)
def makeLoadDemoMenu(self, master):
menu = Menu(master)
for entry in getExampleEntries():
def load(entry=entry):
self.loadfile(entry)
menu.add_command(label=entry, underline=0,
font=menufont, command=load)
return menu
def makeFontMenu(self, master):
menu = Menu(master)
menu.add_command(label="Decrease (C-'-')", command=self.decrease_size,
font=menufont)
menu.add_command(label="Increase (C-'+')", command=self.increase_size,
font=menufont)
menu.add_separator()
for size in font_sizes:
def resize(size=size):
self.set_txtsize(size)
menu.add_command(label=str(size), underline=0,
font=menufont, command=resize)
return menu
def makeHelpMenu(self, master):
menu = Menu(master)
for help_label, help_file in help_entries:
def show(help_label=help_label, help_file=help_file):
view_text(self.root, help_label, help_file)
menu.add_command(label=help_label, font=menufont, command=show)
return menu
def refreshCanvas(self):
if self.dirty:
self.screen.clear()
self.dirty=False
def loadfile(self, filename):
self.clearCanvas()
turtle.TurtleScreen._RUNNING = False
modname = 'turtledemo.' + filename
__import__(modname)
self.module = sys.modules[modname]
with open(self.module.__file__, 'r') as f:
chars = f.read()
self.text.delete("1.0", "end")
self.text.insert("1.0", chars)
self.root.title(filename + " - a Python turtle graphics example")
self.configGUI(NORMAL, DISABLED, DISABLED,
"Press start button", "red")
self.state = READY
def startDemo(self):
self.refreshCanvas()
self.dirty = True
turtle.TurtleScreen._RUNNING = True
self.configGUI(DISABLED, NORMAL, DISABLED,
"demo running...", "black")
self.screen.clear()
self.screen.mode("standard")
self.state = RUNNING
try:
result = self.module.main()
if result == "EVENTLOOP":
self.state = EVENTDRIVEN
else:
self.state = DONE
except turtle.Terminator:
if self.root is None:
return
self.state = DONE
result = "stopped!"
if self.state == DONE:
self.configGUI(NORMAL, DISABLED, NORMAL,
result)
elif self.state == EVENTDRIVEN:
self.exitflag = True
self.configGUI(DISABLED, NORMAL, DISABLED,
"use mouse/keys or STOP", "red")
def clearCanvas(self):
self.refreshCanvas()
self.screen._delete("all")
self.scanvas.config(cursor="")
self.configGUI(NORMAL, DISABLED, DISABLED)
def stopIt(self):
if self.exitflag:
self.clearCanvas()
self.exitflag = False
self.configGUI(NORMAL, DISABLED, DISABLED,
"STOPPED!", "red")
turtle.TurtleScreen._RUNNING = False
def _destroy(self):
turtle.TurtleScreen._RUNNING = False
self.root.destroy()
self.root = None
def main():
demo = DemoWindow()
demo.root.mainloop()
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()