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name : _utils.py
 import itertools
import json
import pkgutil
import re

from jsonschema.compat import MutableMapping, str_types, urlsplit


class URIDict(MutableMapping):
    """
    Dictionary which uses normalized URIs as keys.
    """

    def normalize(self, uri):
        return urlsplit(uri).geturl()

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.store = dict()
        self.store.update(*args, **kwargs)

    def __getitem__(self, uri):
        return self.store[self.normalize(uri)]

    def __setitem__(self, uri, value):
        self.store[self.normalize(uri)] = value

    def __delitem__(self, uri):
        del self.store[self.normalize(uri)]

    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(self.store)

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.store)

    def __repr__(self):
        return repr(self.store)


class Unset(object):
    """
    An as-of-yet unset attribute or unprovided default parameter.
    """

    def __repr__(self):
        return "<unset>"


def load_schema(name):
    """
    Load a schema from ./schemas/``name``.json and return it.
    """

    data = pkgutil.get_data("jsonschema", "schemas/{0}.json".format(name))
    return json.loads(data.decode("utf-8"))


def indent(string, times=1):
    """
    A dumb version of `textwrap.indent` from Python 3.3.
    """

    return "\n".join(" " * (4 * times) + line for line in string.splitlines())


def format_as_index(indices):
    """
    Construct a single string containing indexing operations for the indices.

    For example, [1, 2, "foo"] -> [1][2]["foo"]

    Arguments:

        indices (sequence):

            The indices to format.
    """

    if not indices:
        return ""
    return "[%s]" % "][".join(repr(index) for index in indices)


def find_additional_properties(instance, schema):
    """
    Return the set of additional properties for the given ``instance``.

    Weeds out properties that should have been validated by ``properties`` and
    / or ``patternProperties``.

    Assumes ``instance`` is dict-like already.
    """

    properties = schema.get("properties", {})
    patterns = "|".join(schema.get("patternProperties", {}))
    for property in instance:
        if property not in properties:
            if patterns and re.search(patterns, property):
                continue
            yield property


def extras_msg(extras):
    """
    Create an error message for extra items or properties.
    """

    if len(extras) == 1:
        verb = "was"
    else:
        verb = "were"
    return ", ".join(repr(extra) for extra in extras), verb


def types_msg(instance, types):
    """
    Create an error message for a failure to match the given types.

    If the ``instance`` is an object and contains a ``name`` property, it will
    be considered to be a description of that object and used as its type.

    Otherwise the message is simply the reprs of the given ``types``.
    """

    reprs = []
    for type in types:
        try:
            reprs.append(repr(type["name"]))
        except Exception:
            reprs.append(repr(type))
    return "%r is not of type %s" % (instance, ", ".join(reprs))


def flatten(suitable_for_isinstance):
    """
    isinstance() can accept a bunch of really annoying different types:
        * a single type
        * a tuple of types
        * an arbitrary nested tree of tuples

    Return a flattened tuple of the given argument.
    """

    types = set()

    if not isinstance(suitable_for_isinstance, tuple):
        suitable_for_isinstance = (suitable_for_isinstance,)
    for thing in suitable_for_isinstance:
        if isinstance(thing, tuple):
            types.update(flatten(thing))
        else:
            types.add(thing)
    return tuple(types)


def ensure_list(thing):
    """
    Wrap ``thing`` in a list if it's a single str.

    Otherwise, return it unchanged.
    """

    if isinstance(thing, str_types):
        return [thing]
    return thing


def equal(one, two):
    """
    Check if two things are equal, but evade booleans and ints being equal.
    """
    return unbool(one) == unbool(two)


def unbool(element, true=object(), false=object()):
    """
    A hack to make True and 1 and False and 0 unique for ``uniq``.
    """

    if element is True:
        return true
    elif element is False:
        return false
    return element


def uniq(container):
    """
    Check if all of a container's elements are unique.

    Successively tries first to rely that the elements are hashable, then
    falls back on them being sortable, and finally falls back on brute
    force.
    """

    try:
        return len(set(unbool(i) for i in container)) == len(container)
    except TypeError:
        try:
            sort = sorted(unbool(i) for i in container)
            sliced = itertools.islice(sort, 1, None)
            for i, j in zip(sort, sliced):
                if i == j:
                    return False
        except (NotImplementedError, TypeError):
            seen = []
            for e in container:
                e = unbool(e)
                if e in seen:
                    return False
                seen.append(e)
    return True
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