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name : clsregistry.py
 # ext/declarative/clsregistry.py
# Copyright (C) 2005-2021 the SQLAlchemy authors and contributors
# <see AUTHORS file>
#
# This module is part of SQLAlchemy and is released under
# the MIT License: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php
"""Routines to handle the string class registry used by declarative.

This system allows specification of classes and expressions used in
:func:`_orm.relationship` using strings.

"""
import weakref

from ... import exc
from ... import inspection
from ... import util
from ...orm import class_mapper
from ...orm import interfaces
from ...orm.properties import ColumnProperty
from ...orm.properties import RelationshipProperty
from ...orm.properties import SynonymProperty
from ...schema import _get_table_key


# strong references to registries which we place in
# the _decl_class_registry, which is usually weak referencing.
# the internal registries here link to classes with weakrefs and remove
# themselves when all references to contained classes are removed.
_registries = set()


def add_class(classname, cls):
    """Add a class to the _decl_class_registry associated with the
    given declarative class.

    """
    if classname in cls._decl_class_registry:
        # class already exists.
        existing = cls._decl_class_registry[classname]
        if not isinstance(existing, _MultipleClassMarker):
            existing = cls._decl_class_registry[
                classname
            ] = _MultipleClassMarker([cls, existing])
    else:
        cls._decl_class_registry[classname] = cls

    try:
        root_module = cls._decl_class_registry["_sa_module_registry"]
    except KeyError:
        cls._decl_class_registry[
            "_sa_module_registry"
        ] = root_module = _ModuleMarker("_sa_module_registry", None)

    tokens = cls.__module__.split(".")

    # build up a tree like this:
    # modulename:  myapp.snacks.nuts
    #
    # myapp->snack->nuts->(classes)
    # snack->nuts->(classes)
    # nuts->(classes)
    #
    # this allows partial token paths to be used.
    while tokens:
        token = tokens.pop(0)
        module = root_module.get_module(token)
        for token in tokens:
            module = module.get_module(token)
        module.add_class(classname, cls)


class _MultipleClassMarker(object):
    """refers to multiple classes of the same name
    within _decl_class_registry.

    """

    __slots__ = "on_remove", "contents", "__weakref__"

    def __init__(self, classes, on_remove=None):
        self.on_remove = on_remove
        self.contents = set(
            [weakref.ref(item, self._remove_item) for item in classes]
        )
        _registries.add(self)

    def __iter__(self):
        return (ref() for ref in self.contents)

    def attempt_get(self, path, key):
        if len(self.contents) > 1:
            raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
                'Multiple classes found for path "%s" '
                "in the registry of this declarative "
                "base. Please use a fully module-qualified path."
                % (".".join(path + [key]))
            )
        else:
            ref = list(self.contents)[0]
            cls = ref()
            if cls is None:
                raise NameError(key)
            return cls

    def _remove_item(self, ref):
        self.contents.remove(ref)
        if not self.contents:
            _registries.discard(self)
            if self.on_remove:
                self.on_remove()

    def add_item(self, item):
        # protect against class registration race condition against
        # asynchronous garbage collection calling _remove_item,
        # [ticket:3208]
        modules = set(
            [
                cls.__module__
                for cls in [ref() for ref in self.contents]
                if cls is not None
            ]
        )
        if item.__module__ in modules:
            util.warn(
                "This declarative base already contains a class with the "
                "same class name and module name as %s.%s, and will "
                "be replaced in the string-lookup table."
                % (item.__module__, item.__name__)
            )
        self.contents.add(weakref.ref(item, self._remove_item))


class _ModuleMarker(object):
    """Refers to a module name within
    _decl_class_registry.

    """

    __slots__ = "parent", "name", "contents", "mod_ns", "path", "__weakref__"

    def __init__(self, name, parent):
        self.parent = parent
        self.name = name
        self.contents = {}
        self.mod_ns = _ModNS(self)
        if self.parent:
            self.path = self.parent.path + [self.name]
        else:
            self.path = []
        _registries.add(self)

    def __contains__(self, name):
        return name in self.contents

    def __getitem__(self, name):
        return self.contents[name]

    def _remove_item(self, name):
        self.contents.pop(name, None)
        if not self.contents and self.parent is not None:
            self.parent._remove_item(self.name)
            _registries.discard(self)

    def resolve_attr(self, key):
        return getattr(self.mod_ns, key)

    def get_module(self, name):
        if name not in self.contents:
            marker = _ModuleMarker(name, self)
            self.contents[name] = marker
        else:
            marker = self.contents[name]
        return marker

    def add_class(self, name, cls):
        if name in self.contents:
            existing = self.contents[name]
            existing.add_item(cls)
        else:
            existing = self.contents[name] = _MultipleClassMarker(
                [cls], on_remove=lambda: self._remove_item(name)
            )


class _ModNS(object):
    __slots__ = ("__parent",)

    def __init__(self, parent):
        self.__parent = parent

    def __getattr__(self, key):
        try:
            value = self.__parent.contents[key]
        except KeyError:
            pass
        else:
            if value is not None:
                if isinstance(value, _ModuleMarker):
                    return value.mod_ns
                else:
                    assert isinstance(value, _MultipleClassMarker)
                    return value.attempt_get(self.__parent.path, key)
        raise AttributeError(
            "Module %r has no mapped classes "
            "registered under the name %r" % (self.__parent.name, key)
        )


class _GetColumns(object):
    __slots__ = ("cls",)

    def __init__(self, cls):
        self.cls = cls

    def __getattr__(self, key):
        mp = class_mapper(self.cls, configure=False)
        if mp:
            if key not in mp.all_orm_descriptors:
                raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
                    "Class %r does not have a mapped column named %r"
                    % (self.cls, key)
                )

            desc = mp.all_orm_descriptors[key]
            if desc.extension_type is interfaces.NOT_EXTENSION:
                prop = desc.property
                if isinstance(prop, SynonymProperty):
                    key = prop.name
                elif not isinstance(prop, ColumnProperty):
                    raise exc.InvalidRequestError(
                        "Property %r is not an instance of"
                        " ColumnProperty (i.e. does not correspond"
                        " directly to a Column)." % key
                    )
        return getattr(self.cls, key)


inspection._inspects(_GetColumns)(
    lambda target: inspection.inspect(target.cls)
)


class _GetTable(object):
    __slots__ = "key", "metadata"

    def __init__(self, key, metadata):
        self.key = key
        self.metadata = metadata

    def __getattr__(self, key):
        return self.metadata.tables[_get_table_key(key, self.key)]


def _determine_container(key, value):
    if isinstance(value, _MultipleClassMarker):
        value = value.attempt_get([], key)
    return _GetColumns(value)


class _class_resolver(object):
    def __init__(self, cls, prop, fallback, arg, favor_tables=False):
        self.cls = cls
        self.prop = prop
        self.arg = self._declarative_arg = arg
        self.fallback = fallback
        self._dict = util.PopulateDict(self._access_cls)
        self._resolvers = ()
        self.favor_tables = favor_tables

    def _access_cls(self, key):
        cls = self.cls

        if self.favor_tables:
            if key in cls.metadata.tables:
                return cls.metadata.tables[key]
            elif key in cls.metadata._schemas:
                return _GetTable(key, cls.metadata)

        if key in cls._decl_class_registry:
            return _determine_container(key, cls._decl_class_registry[key])

        if not self.favor_tables:
            if key in cls.metadata.tables:
                return cls.metadata.tables[key]
            elif key in cls.metadata._schemas:
                return _GetTable(key, cls.metadata)

        if (
            "_sa_module_registry" in cls._decl_class_registry
            and key in cls._decl_class_registry["_sa_module_registry"]
        ):
            registry = cls._decl_class_registry["_sa_module_registry"]
            return registry.resolve_attr(key)
        elif self._resolvers:
            for resolv in self._resolvers:
                value = resolv(key)
                if value is not None:
                    return value

        return self.fallback[key]

    def _raise_for_name(self, name, err):
        util.raise_(
            exc.InvalidRequestError(
                "When initializing mapper %s, expression %r failed to "
                "locate a name (%r). If this is a class name, consider "
                "adding this relationship() to the %r class after "
                "both dependent classes have been defined."
                % (self.prop.parent, self.arg, name, self.cls)
            ),
            from_=err,
        )

    def _resolve_name(self):
        name = self.arg
        d = self._dict
        rval = None
        try:
            for token in name.split("."):
                if rval is None:
                    rval = d[token]
                else:
                    rval = getattr(rval, token)
        except KeyError as err:
            self._raise_for_name(name, err)
        except NameError as n:
            self._raise_for_name(n.args[0], n)
        else:
            if isinstance(rval, _GetColumns):
                return rval.cls
            else:
                return rval

    def __call__(self):
        try:
            x = eval(self.arg, globals(), self._dict)

            if isinstance(x, _GetColumns):
                return x.cls
            else:
                return x
        except NameError as n:
            self._raise_for_name(n.args[0], n)


def _resolver(cls, prop):
    import sqlalchemy
    from sqlalchemy.orm import foreign, remote

    fallback = sqlalchemy.__dict__.copy()
    fallback.update({"foreign": foreign, "remote": remote})

    def resolve_arg(arg, favor_tables=False):
        return _class_resolver(
            cls, prop, fallback, arg, favor_tables=favor_tables
        )

    def resolve_name(arg):
        return _class_resolver(cls, prop, fallback, arg)._resolve_name

    return resolve_name, resolve_arg


def _deferred_relationship(cls, prop):

    if isinstance(prop, RelationshipProperty):
        resolve_name, resolve_arg = _resolver(cls, prop)

        for attr in (
            "order_by",
            "primaryjoin",
            "secondaryjoin",
            "secondary",
            "_user_defined_foreign_keys",
            "remote_side",
        ):
            v = getattr(prop, attr)
            if isinstance(v, util.string_types):
                setattr(
                    prop,
                    attr,
                    resolve_arg(v, favor_tables=attr == "secondary"),
                )

        for attr in ("argument",):
            v = getattr(prop, attr)
            if isinstance(v, util.string_types):
                setattr(prop, attr, resolve_name(v))

        if prop.backref and isinstance(prop.backref, tuple):
            key, kwargs = prop.backref
            for attr in (
                "primaryjoin",
                "secondaryjoin",
                "secondary",
                "foreign_keys",
                "remote_side",
                "order_by",
            ):
                if attr in kwargs and isinstance(
                    kwargs[attr], util.string_types
                ):
                    kwargs[attr] = resolve_arg(kwargs[attr])

    return prop
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