name : _request_methods.py from __future__ import annotations import json as _json import typing from urllib.parse import urlencode from ._base_connection import _TYPE_BODY from ._collections import HTTPHeaderDict from .filepost import _TYPE_FIELDS, encode_multipart_formdata from .response import BaseHTTPResponse __all__ = ["RequestMethods"] _TYPE_ENCODE_URL_FIELDS = typing.Union[ typing.Sequence[typing.Tuple[str, typing.Union[str, bytes]]], typing.Mapping[str, typing.Union[str, bytes]], ] class RequestMethods: """ Convenience mixin for classes who implement a :meth:`urlopen` method, such as :class:`urllib3.HTTPConnectionPool` and :class:`urllib3.PoolManager`. Provides behavior for making common types of HTTP request methods and decides which type of request field encoding to use. Specifically, :meth:`.request_encode_url` is for sending requests whose fields are encoded in the URL (such as GET, HEAD, DELETE). :meth:`.request_encode_body` is for sending requests whose fields are encoded in the *body* of the request using multipart or www-form-urlencoded (such as for POST, PUT, PATCH). :meth:`.request` is for making any kind of request, it will look up the appropriate encoding format and use one of the above two methods to make the request. Initializer parameters: :param headers: Headers to include with all requests, unless other headers are given explicitly. """ _encode_url_methods = {"DELETE", "GET", "HEAD", "OPTIONS"} def __init__(self, headers: typing.Mapping[str, str] | None = None) -> None: self.headers = headers or {} def urlopen( self, method: str, url: str, body: _TYPE_BODY | None = None, headers: typing.Mapping[str, str] | None = None, encode_multipart: bool = True, multipart_boundary: str | None = None, **kw: typing.Any, ) -> BaseHTTPResponse: # Abstract raise NotImplementedError( "Classes extending RequestMethods must implement " "their own ``urlopen`` method." ) def request( self, method: str, url: str, body: _TYPE_BODY | None = None, fields: _TYPE_FIELDS | None = None, headers: typing.Mapping[str, str] | None = None, json: typing.Any | None = None, **urlopen_kw: typing.Any, ) -> BaseHTTPResponse: """ Make a request using :meth:`urlopen` with the appropriate encoding of ``fields`` based on the ``method`` used. This is a convenience method that requires the least amount of manual effort. It can be used in most situations, while still having the option to drop down to more specific methods when necessary, such as :meth:`request_encode_url`, :meth:`request_encode_body`, or even the lowest level :meth:`urlopen`. """ method = method.upper() if json is not None and body is not None: raise TypeError( "request got values for both 'body' and 'json' parameters which are mutually exclusive" ) if json is not None: if headers is None: headers = self.headers.copy() # type: ignore if not ("content-type" in map(str.lower, headers.keys())): headers["Content-Type"] = "application/json" # type: ignore body = _json.dumps(json, separators=(",", ":"), ensure_ascii=False).encode( "utf-8" ) if body is not None: urlopen_kw["body"] = body if method in self._encode_url_methods: return self.request_encode_url( method, url, fields=fields, # type: ignore[arg-type] headers=headers, **urlopen_kw, ) else: return self.request_encode_body( method, url, fields=fields, headers=headers, **urlopen_kw ) def request_encode_url( self, method: str, url: str, fields: _TYPE_ENCODE_URL_FIELDS | None = None, headers: typing.Mapping[str, str] | None = None, **urlopen_kw: str, ) -> BaseHTTPResponse: """ Make a request using :meth:`urlopen` with the ``fields`` encoded in the url. This is useful for request methods like GET, HEAD, DELETE, etc. """ if headers is None: headers = self.headers extra_kw: dict[str, typing.Any] = {"headers": headers} extra_kw.update(urlopen_kw) if fields: url += "?" + urlencode(fields) return self.urlopen(method, url, **extra_kw) def request_encode_body( self, method: str, url: str, fields: _TYPE_FIELDS | None = None, headers: typing.Mapping[str, str] | None = None, encode_multipart: bool = True, multipart_boundary: str | None = None, **urlopen_kw: str, ) -> BaseHTTPResponse: """ Make a request using :meth:`urlopen` with the ``fields`` encoded in the body. This is useful for request methods like POST, PUT, PATCH, etc. When ``encode_multipart=True`` (default), then :func:`urllib3.encode_multipart_formdata` is used to encode the payload with the appropriate content type. Otherwise :func:`urllib.parse.urlencode` is used with the 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' content type. Multipart encoding must be used when posting files, and it's reasonably safe to use it in other times too. However, it may break request signing, such as with OAuth. Supports an optional ``fields`` parameter of key/value strings AND key/filetuple. A filetuple is a (filename, data, MIME type) tuple where the MIME type is optional. For example:: fields = { 'foo': 'bar', 'fakefile': ('foofile.txt', 'contents of foofile'), 'realfile': ('barfile.txt', open('realfile').read()), 'typedfile': ('bazfile.bin', open('bazfile').read(), 'image/jpeg'), 'nonamefile': 'contents of nonamefile field', } When uploading a file, providing a filename (the first parameter of the tuple) is optional but recommended to best mimic behavior of browsers. Note that if ``headers`` are supplied, the 'Content-Type' header will be overwritten because it depends on the dynamic random boundary string which is used to compose the body of the request. The random boundary string can be explicitly set with the ``multipart_boundary`` parameter. """ if headers is None: headers = self.headers extra_kw: dict[str, typing.Any] = {"headers": HTTPHeaderDict(headers)} body: bytes | str if fields: if "body" in urlopen_kw: raise TypeError( "request got values for both 'fields' and 'body', can only specify one." ) if encode_multipart: body, content_type = encode_multipart_formdata( fields, boundary=multipart_boundary ) else: body, content_type = ( urlencode(fields), # type: ignore[arg-type] "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", ) extra_kw["body"] = body extra_kw["headers"].setdefault("Content-Type", content_type) extra_kw.update(urlopen_kw) return self.urlopen(method, url, **extra_kw)