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trace.py
#! /usr/libexec/platform-python # portions copyright 2001, Autonomous Zones Industries, Inc., all rights... # err... reserved and offered to the public under the terms of the # Python 2.2 license. # Author: Zooko O'Whielacronx # http://zooko.com/ # mailto:zooko@zooko.com # # Copyright 2000, Mojam Media, Inc., all rights reserved. # Author: Skip Montanaro # # Copyright 1999, Bioreason, Inc., all rights reserved. # Author: Andrew Dalke # # Copyright 1995-1997, Automatrix, Inc., all rights reserved. # Author: Skip Montanaro # # Copyright 1991-1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, all rights reserved. # # # Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this Python software and # its associated documentation for any purpose without fee is hereby # granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies, # and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in # supporting documentation, and that the name of neither Automatrix, # Bioreason or Mojam Media be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to # distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission. # """program/module to trace Python program or function execution Sample use, command line: trace.py -c -f counts --ignore-dir '$prefix' spam.py eggs trace.py -t --ignore-dir '$prefix' spam.py eggs trace.py --trackcalls spam.py eggs Sample use, programmatically import sys # create a Trace object, telling it what to ignore, and whether to # do tracing or line-counting or both. tracer = trace.Trace(ignoredirs=[sys.base_prefix, sys.base_exec_prefix,], trace=0, count=1) # run the new command using the given tracer tracer.run('main()') # make a report, placing output in /tmp r = tracer.results() r.write_results(show_missing=True, coverdir="/tmp") """ __all__ = ['Trace', 'CoverageResults'] import argparse import linecache import os import re import sys import token import tokenize import inspect import gc import dis import pickle from time import monotonic as _time try: import threading except ImportError: _settrace = sys.settrace def _unsettrace(): sys.settrace(None) else: def _settrace(func): threading.settrace(func) sys.settrace(func) def _unsettrace(): sys.settrace(None) threading.settrace(None) PRAGMA_NOCOVER = "#pragma NO COVER" class _Ignore: def __init__(self, modules=None, dirs=None): self._mods = set() if not modules else set(modules) self._dirs = [] if not dirs else [os.path.normpath(d) for d in dirs] self._ignore = { '<string>': 1 } def names(self, filename, modulename): if modulename in self._ignore: return self._ignore[modulename] # haven't seen this one before, so see if the module name is # on the ignore list. if modulename in self._mods: # Identical names, so ignore self._ignore[modulename] = 1 return 1 # check if the module is a proper submodule of something on # the ignore list for mod in self._mods: # Need to take some care since ignoring # "cmp" mustn't mean ignoring "cmpcache" but ignoring # "Spam" must also mean ignoring "Spam.Eggs". if modulename.startswith(mod + '.'): self._ignore[modulename] = 1 return 1 # Now check that filename isn't in one of the directories if filename is None: # must be a built-in, so we must ignore self._ignore[modulename] = 1 return 1 # Ignore a file when it contains one of the ignorable paths for d in self._dirs: # The '+ os.sep' is to ensure that d is a parent directory, # as compared to cases like: # d = "/usr/local" # filename = "/usr/local.py" # or # d = "/usr/local.py" # filename = "/usr/local.py" if filename.startswith(d + os.sep): self._ignore[modulename] = 1 return 1 # Tried the different ways, so we don't ignore this module self._ignore[modulename] = 0 return 0 def _modname(path): """Return a plausible module name for the patch.""" base = os.path.basename(path) filename, ext = os.path.splitext(base) return filename def _fullmodname(path): """Return a plausible module name for the path.""" # If the file 'path' is part of a package, then the filename isn't # enough to uniquely identify it. Try to do the right thing by # looking in sys.path for the longest matching prefix. We'll # assume that the rest is the package name. comparepath = os.path.normcase(path) longest = "" for dir in sys.path: dir = os.path.normcase(dir) if comparepath.startswith(dir) and comparepath[len(dir)] == os.sep: if len(dir) > len(longest): longest = dir if longest: base = path[len(longest) + 1:] else: base = path # the drive letter is never part of the module name drive, base = os.path.splitdrive(base) base = base.replace(os.sep, ".") if os.altsep: base = base.replace(os.altsep, ".") filename, ext = os.path.splitext(base) return filename.lstrip(".") class CoverageResults: def __init__(self, counts=None, calledfuncs=None, infile=None, callers=None, outfile=None): self.counts = counts if self.counts is None: self.counts = {} self.counter = self.counts.copy() # map (filename, lineno) to count self.calledfuncs = calledfuncs if self.calledfuncs is None: self.calledfuncs = {} self.calledfuncs = self.calledfuncs.copy() self.callers = callers if self.callers is None: self.callers = {} self.callers = self.callers.copy() self.infile = infile self.outfile = outfile if self.infile: # Try to merge existing counts file. try: with open(self.infile, 'rb') as f: counts, calledfuncs, callers = pickle.load(f) self.update(self.__class__(counts, calledfuncs, callers)) except (OSError, EOFError, ValueError) as err: print(("Skipping counts file %r: %s" % (self.infile, err)), file=sys.stderr) def is_ignored_filename(self, filename): """Return True if the filename does not refer to a file we want to have reported. """ return filename.startswith('<') and filename.endswith('>') def update(self, other): """Merge in the data from another CoverageResults""" counts = self.counts calledfuncs = self.calledfuncs callers = self.callers other_counts = other.counts other_calledfuncs = other.calledfuncs other_callers = other.callers for key in other_counts: counts[key] = counts.get(key, 0) + other_counts[key] for key in other_calledfuncs: calledfuncs[key] = 1 for key in other_callers: callers[key] = 1 def write_results(self, show_missing=True, summary=False, coverdir=None): """ Write the coverage results. :param show_missing: Show lines that had no hits. :param summary: Include coverage summary per module. :param coverdir: If None, the results of each module are placed in its directory, otherwise it is included in the directory specified. """ if self.calledfuncs: print() print("functions called:") calls = self.calledfuncs for filename, modulename, funcname in sorted(calls): print(("filename: %s, modulename: %s, funcname: %s" % (filename, modulename, funcname))) if self.callers: print() print("calling relationships:") lastfile = lastcfile = "" for ((pfile, pmod, pfunc), (cfile, cmod, cfunc)) \ in sorted(self.callers): if pfile != lastfile: print() print("***", pfile, "***") lastfile = pfile lastcfile = "" if cfile != pfile and lastcfile != cfile: print(" -->", cfile) lastcfile = cfile print(" %s.%s -> %s.%s" % (pmod, pfunc, cmod, cfunc)) # turn the counts data ("(filename, lineno) = count") into something # accessible on a per-file basis per_file = {} for filename, lineno in self.counts: lines_hit = per_file[filename] = per_file.get(filename, {}) lines_hit[lineno] = self.counts[(filename, lineno)] # accumulate summary info, if needed sums = {} for filename, count in per_file.items(): if self.is_ignored_filename(filename): continue if filename.endswith(".pyc"): filename = filename[:-1] if coverdir is None: dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(filename)) modulename = _modname(filename) else: dir = coverdir if not os.path.exists(dir): os.makedirs(dir) modulename = _fullmodname(filename) # If desired, get a list of the line numbers which represent # executable content (returned as a dict for better lookup speed) if show_missing: lnotab = _find_executable_linenos(filename) else: lnotab = {} source = linecache.getlines(filename) coverpath = os.path.join(dir, modulename + ".cover") with open(filename, 'rb') as fp: encoding, _ = tokenize.detect_encoding(fp.readline) n_hits, n_lines = self.write_results_file(coverpath, source, lnotab, count, encoding) if summary and n_lines: percent = int(100 * n_hits / n_lines) sums[modulename] = n_lines, percent, modulename, filename if summary and sums: print("lines cov% module (path)") for m in sorted(sums): n_lines, percent, modulename, filename = sums[m] print("%5d %3d%% %s (%s)" % sums[m]) if self.outfile: # try and store counts and module info into self.outfile try: pickle.dump((self.counts, self.calledfuncs, self.callers), open(self.outfile, 'wb'), 1) except OSError as err: print("Can't save counts files because %s" % err, file=sys.stderr) def write_results_file(self, path, lines, lnotab, lines_hit, encoding=None): """Return a coverage results file in path.""" # ``lnotab`` is a dict of executable lines, or a line number "table" try: outfile = open(path, "w", encoding=encoding) except OSError as err: print(("trace: Could not open %r for writing: %s " "- skipping" % (path, err)), file=sys.stderr) return 0, 0 n_lines = 0 n_hits = 0 with outfile: for lineno, line in enumerate(lines, 1): # do the blank/comment match to try to mark more lines # (help the reader find stuff that hasn't been covered) if lineno in lines_hit: outfile.write("%5d: " % lines_hit[lineno]) n_hits += 1 n_lines += 1 elif lineno in lnotab and not PRAGMA_NOCOVER in line: # Highlight never-executed lines, unless the line contains # #pragma: NO COVER outfile.write(">>>>>> ") n_lines += 1 else: outfile.write(" ") outfile.write(line.expandtabs(8)) return n_hits, n_lines def _find_lines_from_code(code, strs): """Return dict where keys are lines in the line number table.""" linenos = {} for _, lineno in dis.findlinestarts(code): if lineno not in strs: linenos[lineno] = 1 return linenos def _find_lines(code, strs): """Return lineno dict for all code objects reachable from code.""" # get all of the lineno information from the code of this scope level linenos = _find_lines_from_code(code, strs) # and check the constants for references to other code objects for c in code.co_consts: if inspect.iscode(c): # find another code object, so recurse into it linenos.update(_find_lines(c, strs)) return linenos def _find_strings(filename, encoding=None): """Return a dict of possible docstring positions. The dict maps line numbers to strings. There is an entry for line that contains only a string or a part of a triple-quoted string. """ d = {} # If the first token is a string, then it's the module docstring. # Add this special case so that the test in the loop passes. prev_ttype = token.INDENT with open(filename, encoding=encoding) as f: tok = tokenize.generate_tokens(f.readline) for ttype, tstr, start, end, line in tok: if ttype == token.STRING: if prev_ttype == token.INDENT: sline, scol = start eline, ecol = end for i in range(sline, eline + 1): d[i] = 1 prev_ttype = ttype return d def _find_executable_linenos(filename): """Return dict where keys are line numbers in the line number table.""" try: with tokenize.open(filename) as f: prog = f.read() encoding = f.encoding except OSError as err: print(("Not printing coverage data for %r: %s" % (filename, err)), file=sys.stderr) return {} code = compile(prog, filename, "exec") strs = _find_strings(filename, encoding) return _find_lines(code, strs) class Trace: def __init__(self, count=1, trace=1, countfuncs=0, countcallers=0, ignoremods=(), ignoredirs=(), infile=None, outfile=None, timing=False): """ @param count true iff it should count number of times each line is executed @param trace true iff it should print out each line that is being counted @param countfuncs true iff it should just output a list of (filename, modulename, funcname,) for functions that were called at least once; This overrides `count' and `trace' @param ignoremods a list of the names of modules to ignore @param ignoredirs a list of the names of directories to ignore all of the (recursive) contents of @param infile file from which to read stored counts to be added into the results @param outfile file in which to write the results @param timing true iff timing information be displayed """ self.infile = infile self.outfile = outfile self.ignore = _Ignore(ignoremods, ignoredirs) self.counts = {} # keys are (filename, linenumber) self.pathtobasename = {} # for memoizing os.path.basename self.donothing = 0 self.trace = trace self._calledfuncs = {} self._callers = {} self._caller_cache = {} self.start_time = None if timing: self.start_time = _time() if countcallers: self.globaltrace = self.globaltrace_trackcallers elif countfuncs: self.globaltrace = self.globaltrace_countfuncs elif trace and count: self.globaltrace = self.globaltrace_lt self.localtrace = self.localtrace_trace_and_count elif trace: self.globaltrace = self.globaltrace_lt self.localtrace = self.localtrace_trace elif count: self.globaltrace = self.globaltrace_lt self.localtrace = self.localtrace_count else: # Ahem -- do nothing? Okay. self.donothing = 1 def run(self, cmd): import __main__ dict = __main__.__dict__ self.runctx(cmd, dict, dict) def runctx(self, cmd, globals=None, locals=None): if globals is None: globals = {} if locals is None: locals = {} if not self.donothing: _settrace(self.globaltrace) try: exec(cmd, globals, locals) finally: if not self.donothing: _unsettrace() def runfunc(self, func, *args, **kw): result = None if not self.donothing: sys.settrace(self.globaltrace) try: result = func(*args, **kw) finally: if not self.donothing: sys.settrace(None) return result def file_module_function_of(self, frame): code = frame.f_code filename = code.co_filename if filename: modulename = _modname(filename) else: modulename = None funcname = code.co_name clsname = None if code in self._caller_cache: if self._caller_cache[code] is not None: clsname = self._caller_cache[code] else: self._caller_cache[code] = None ## use of gc.get_referrers() was suggested by Michael Hudson # all functions which refer to this code object funcs = [f for f in gc.get_referrers(code) if inspect.isfunction(f)] # require len(func) == 1 to avoid ambiguity caused by calls to # new.function(): "In the face of ambiguity, refuse the # temptation to guess." if len(funcs) == 1: dicts = [d for d in gc.get_referrers(funcs[0]) if isinstance(d, dict)] if len(dicts) == 1: classes = [c for c in gc.get_referrers(dicts[0]) if hasattr(c, "__bases__")] if len(classes) == 1: # ditto for new.classobj() clsname = classes[0].__name__ # cache the result - assumption is that new.* is # not called later to disturb this relationship # _caller_cache could be flushed if functions in # the new module get called. self._caller_cache[code] = clsname if clsname is not None: funcname = "%s.%s" % (clsname, funcname) return filename, modulename, funcname def globaltrace_trackcallers(self, frame, why, arg): """Handler for call events. Adds information about who called who to the self._callers dict. """ if why == 'call': # XXX Should do a better job of identifying methods this_func = self.file_module_function_of(frame) parent_func = self.file_module_function_of(frame.f_back) self._callers[(parent_func, this_func)] = 1 def globaltrace_countfuncs(self, frame, why, arg): """Handler for call events. Adds (filename, modulename, funcname) to the self._calledfuncs dict. """ if why == 'call': this_func = self.file_module_function_of(frame) self._calledfuncs[this_func] = 1 def globaltrace_lt(self, frame, why, arg): """Handler for call events. If the code block being entered is to be ignored, returns `None', else returns self.localtrace. """ if why == 'call': code = frame.f_code filename = frame.f_globals.get('__file__', None) if filename: # XXX _modname() doesn't work right for packages, so # the ignore support won't work right for packages modulename = _modname(filename) if modulename is not None: ignore_it = self.ignore.names(filename, modulename) if not ignore_it: if self.trace: print((" --- modulename: %s, funcname: %s" % (modulename, code.co_name))) return self.localtrace else: return None def localtrace_trace_and_count(self, frame, why, arg): if why == "line": # record the file name and line number of every trace filename = frame.f_code.co_filename lineno = frame.f_lineno key = filename, lineno self.counts[key] = self.counts.get(key, 0) + 1 if self.start_time: print('%.2f' % (_time() - self.start_time), end=' ') bname = os.path.basename(filename) print("%s(%d): %s" % (bname, lineno, linecache.getline(filename, lineno)), end='') return self.localtrace def localtrace_trace(self, frame, why, arg): if why == "line": # record the file name and line number of every trace filename = frame.f_code.co_filename lineno = frame.f_lineno if self.start_time: print('%.2f' % (_time() - self.start_time), end=' ') bname = os.path.basename(filename) print("%s(%d): %s" % (bname, lineno, linecache.getline(filename, lineno)), end='') return self.localtrace def localtrace_count(self, frame, why, arg): if why == "line": filename = frame.f_code.co_filename lineno = frame.f_lineno key = filename, lineno self.counts[key] = self.counts.get(key, 0) + 1 return self.localtrace def results(self): return CoverageResults(self.counts, infile=self.infile, outfile=self.outfile, calledfuncs=self._calledfuncs, callers=self._callers) def main(): parser = argparse.ArgumentParser() parser.add_argument('--version', action='version', version='trace 2.0') grp = parser.add_argument_group('Main options', 'One of these (or --report) must be given') grp.add_argument('-c', '--count', action='store_true', help='Count the number of times each line is executed and write ' 'the counts to <module>.cover for each module executed, in ' 'the module\'s directory. See also --coverdir, --file, ' '--no-report below.') grp.add_argument('-t', '--trace', action='store_true', help='Print each line to sys.stdout before it is executed') grp.add_argument('-l', '--listfuncs', action='store_true', help='Keep track of which functions are executed at least once ' 'and write the results to sys.stdout after the program exits. ' 'Cannot be specified alongside --trace or --count.') grp.add_argument('-T', '--trackcalls', action='store_true', help='Keep track of caller/called pairs and write the results to ' 'sys.stdout after the program exits.') grp = parser.add_argument_group('Modifiers') _grp = grp.add_mutually_exclusive_group() _grp.add_argument('-r', '--report', action='store_true', help='Generate a report from a counts file; does not execute any ' 'code. --file must specify the results file to read, which ' 'must have been created in a previous run with --count ' '--file=FILE') _grp.add_argument('-R', '--no-report', action='store_true', help='Do not generate the coverage report files. ' 'Useful if you want to accumulate over several runs.') grp.add_argument('-f', '--file', help='File to accumulate counts over several runs') grp.add_argument('-C', '--coverdir', help='Directory where the report files go. The coverage report ' 'for <package>.<module> will be written to file ' '<dir>/<package>/<module>.cover') grp.add_argument('-m', '--missing', action='store_true', help='Annotate executable lines that were not executed with ' '">>>>>> "') grp.add_argument('-s', '--summary', action='store_true', help='Write a brief summary for each file to sys.stdout. ' 'Can only be used with --count or --report') grp.add_argument('-g', '--timing', action='store_true', help='Prefix each line with the time since the program started. ' 'Only used while tracing') grp = parser.add_argument_group('Filters', 'Can be specified multiple times') grp.add_argument('--ignore-module', action='append', default=[], help='Ignore the given module(s) and its submodules ' '(if it is a package). Accepts comma separated list of ' 'module names.') grp.add_argument('--ignore-dir', action='append', default=[], help='Ignore files in the given directory ' '(multiple directories can be joined by os.pathsep).') parser.add_argument('filename', nargs='?', help='file to run as main program') parser.add_argument('arguments', nargs=argparse.REMAINDER, help='arguments to the program') opts = parser.parse_args() if opts.ignore_dir: rel_path = 'lib', 'python{0.major}.{0.minor}'.format(sys.version_info) _prefix = os.path.join(sys.base_prefix, *rel_path) _exec_prefix = os.path.join(sys.base_exec_prefix, *rel_path) def parse_ignore_dir(s): s = os.path.expanduser(os.path.expandvars(s)) s = s.replace('$prefix', _prefix).replace('$exec_prefix', _exec_prefix) return os.path.normpath(s) opts.ignore_module = [mod.strip() for i in opts.ignore_module for mod in i.split(',')] opts.ignore_dir = [parse_ignore_dir(s) for i in opts.ignore_dir for s in i.split(os.pathsep)] if opts.report: if not opts.file: parser.error('-r/--report requires -f/--file') results = CoverageResults(infile=opts.file, outfile=opts.file) return results.write_results(opts.missing, opts.summary, opts.coverdir) if not any([opts.trace, opts.count, opts.listfuncs, opts.trackcalls]): parser.error('must specify one of --trace, --count, --report, ' '--listfuncs, or --trackcalls') if opts.listfuncs and (opts.count or opts.trace): parser.error('cannot specify both --listfuncs and (--trace or --count)') if opts.summary and not opts.count: parser.error('--summary can only be used with --count or --report') if opts.filename is None: parser.error('filename is missing: required with the main options') sys.argv = [opts.filename, *opts.arguments] sys.path[0] = os.path.dirname(opts.filename) t = Trace(opts.count, opts.trace, countfuncs=opts.listfuncs, countcallers=opts.trackcalls, ignoremods=opts.ignore_module, ignoredirs=opts.ignore_dir, infile=opts.file, outfile=opts.file, timing=opts.timing) try: with open(opts.filename) as fp: code = compile(fp.read(), opts.filename, 'exec') # try to emulate __main__ namespace as much as possible globs = { '__file__': opts.filename, '__name__': '__main__', '__package__': None, '__cached__': None, } t.runctx(code, globs, globs) except OSError as err: sys.exit("Cannot run file %r because: %s" % (sys.argv[0], err)) except SystemExit: pass results = t.results() if not opts.no_report: results.write_results(opts.missing, opts.summary, opts.coverdir) if __name__=='__main__': main()
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