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trace.py
#! /usr/bin/python2.7 # portions copyright 2001, Autonomous Zones Industries, Inc., all rights... # err... reserved and offered to the public under the terms of the # Python 2.2 license. # Author: Zooko O'Whielacronx # http://zooko.com/ # mailto:zooko@zooko.com # # Copyright 2000, Mojam Media, Inc., all rights reserved. # Author: Skip Montanaro # # Copyright 1999, Bioreason, Inc., all rights reserved. # Author: Andrew Dalke # # Copyright 1995-1997, Automatrix, Inc., all rights reserved. # Author: Skip Montanaro # # Copyright 1991-1995, Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, all rights reserved. # # # Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this Python software and # its associated documentation for any purpose without fee is hereby # granted, provided that the above copyright notice appears in all copies, # and that both that copyright notice and this permission notice appear in # supporting documentation, and that the name of neither Automatrix, # Bioreason or Mojam Media be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to # distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission. # """program/module to trace Python program or function execution Sample use, command line: trace.py -c -f counts --ignore-dir '$prefix' spam.py eggs trace.py -t --ignore-dir '$prefix' spam.py eggs trace.py --trackcalls spam.py eggs Sample use, programmatically import sys # create a Trace object, telling it what to ignore, and whether to # do tracing or line-counting or both. tracer = trace.Trace(ignoredirs=[sys.prefix, sys.exec_prefix,], trace=0, count=1) # run the new command using the given tracer tracer.run('main()') # make a report, placing output in /tmp r = tracer.results() r.write_results(show_missing=True, coverdir="/tmp") """ import linecache import os import re import sys import time import token import tokenize import inspect import gc import dis try: import cPickle pickle = cPickle except ImportError: import pickle try: import threading except ImportError: _settrace = sys.settrace def _unsettrace(): sys.settrace(None) else: def _settrace(func): threading.settrace(func) sys.settrace(func) def _unsettrace(): sys.settrace(None) threading.settrace(None) def usage(outfile): outfile.write("""Usage: %s [OPTIONS] <file> [ARGS] Meta-options: --help Display this help then exit. --version Output version information then exit. Otherwise, exactly one of the following three options must be given: -t, --trace Print each line to sys.stdout before it is executed. -c, --count Count the number of times each line is executed and write the counts to <module>.cover for each module executed, in the module's directory. See also `--coverdir', `--file', `--no-report' below. -l, --listfuncs Keep track of which functions are executed at least once and write the results to sys.stdout after the program exits. -T, --trackcalls Keep track of caller/called pairs and write the results to sys.stdout after the program exits. -r, --report Generate a report from a counts file; do not execute any code. `--file' must specify the results file to read, which must have been created in a previous run with `--count --file=FILE'. Modifiers: -f, --file=<file> File to accumulate counts over several runs. -R, --no-report Do not generate the coverage report files. Useful if you want to accumulate over several runs. -C, --coverdir=<dir> Directory where the report files. The coverage report for <package>.<module> is written to file <dir>/<package>/<module>.cover. -m, --missing Annotate executable lines that were not executed with '>>>>>> '. -s, --summary Write a brief summary on stdout for each file. (Can only be used with --count or --report.) -g, --timing Prefix each line with the time since the program started. Only used while tracing. Filters, may be repeated multiple times: --ignore-module=<mod> Ignore the given module(s) and its submodules (if it is a package). Accepts comma separated list of module names --ignore-dir=<dir> Ignore files in the given directory (multiple directories can be joined by os.pathsep). """ % sys.argv[0]) PRAGMA_NOCOVER = "#pragma NO COVER" # Simple rx to find lines with no code. rx_blank = re.compile(r'^\s*(#.*)?$') class Ignore: def __init__(self, modules = None, dirs = None): self._mods = modules or [] self._dirs = dirs or [] self._dirs = map(os.path.normpath, self._dirs) self._ignore = { '<string>': 1 } def names(self, filename, modulename): if modulename in self._ignore: return self._ignore[modulename] # haven't seen this one before, so see if the module name is # on the ignore list. Need to take some care since ignoring # "cmp" musn't mean ignoring "cmpcache" but ignoring # "Spam" must also mean ignoring "Spam.Eggs". for mod in self._mods: if mod == modulename: # Identical names, so ignore self._ignore[modulename] = 1 return 1 # check if the module is a proper submodule of something on # the ignore list n = len(mod) # (will not overflow since if the first n characters are the # same and the name has not already occurred, then the size # of "name" is greater than that of "mod") if mod == modulename[:n] and modulename[n] == '.': self._ignore[modulename] = 1 return 1 # Now check that __file__ isn't in one of the directories if filename is None: # must be a built-in, so we must ignore self._ignore[modulename] = 1 return 1 # Ignore a file when it contains one of the ignorable paths for d in self._dirs: # The '+ os.sep' is to ensure that d is a parent directory, # as compared to cases like: # d = "/usr/local" # filename = "/usr/local.py" # or # d = "/usr/local.py" # filename = "/usr/local.py" if filename.startswith(d + os.sep): self._ignore[modulename] = 1 return 1 # Tried the different ways, so we don't ignore this module self._ignore[modulename] = 0 return 0 def modname(path): """Return a plausible module name for the patch.""" base = os.path.basename(path) filename, ext = os.path.splitext(base) return filename def fullmodname(path): """Return a plausible module name for the path.""" # If the file 'path' is part of a package, then the filename isn't # enough to uniquely identify it. Try to do the right thing by # looking in sys.path for the longest matching prefix. We'll # assume that the rest is the package name. comparepath = os.path.normcase(path) longest = "" for dir in sys.path: dir = os.path.normcase(dir) if comparepath.startswith(dir) and comparepath[len(dir)] == os.sep: if len(dir) > len(longest): longest = dir if longest: base = path[len(longest) + 1:] else: base = path # the drive letter is never part of the module name drive, base = os.path.splitdrive(base) base = base.replace(os.sep, ".") if os.altsep: base = base.replace(os.altsep, ".") filename, ext = os.path.splitext(base) return filename.lstrip(".") class CoverageResults: def __init__(self, counts=None, calledfuncs=None, infile=None, callers=None, outfile=None): self.counts = counts if self.counts is None: self.counts = {} self.counter = self.counts.copy() # map (filename, lineno) to count self.calledfuncs = calledfuncs if self.calledfuncs is None: self.calledfuncs = {} self.calledfuncs = self.calledfuncs.copy() self.callers = callers if self.callers is None: self.callers = {} self.callers = self.callers.copy() self.infile = infile self.outfile = outfile if self.infile: # Try to merge existing counts file. try: counts, calledfuncs, callers = \ pickle.load(open(self.infile, 'rb')) self.update(self.__class__(counts, calledfuncs, callers)) except (IOError, EOFError, ValueError), err: print >> sys.stderr, ("Skipping counts file %r: %s" % (self.infile, err)) def update(self, other): """Merge in the data from another CoverageResults""" counts = self.counts calledfuncs = self.calledfuncs callers = self.callers other_counts = other.counts other_calledfuncs = other.calledfuncs other_callers = other.callers for key in other_counts.keys(): counts[key] = counts.get(key, 0) + other_counts[key] for key in other_calledfuncs.keys(): calledfuncs[key] = 1 for key in other_callers.keys(): callers[key] = 1 def write_results(self, show_missing=True, summary=False, coverdir=None): """ @param coverdir """ if self.calledfuncs: print print "functions called:" calls = self.calledfuncs.keys() calls.sort() for filename, modulename, funcname in calls: print ("filename: %s, modulename: %s, funcname: %s" % (filename, modulename, funcname)) if self.callers: print print "calling relationships:" calls = self.callers.keys() calls.sort() lastfile = lastcfile = "" for ((pfile, pmod, pfunc), (cfile, cmod, cfunc)) in calls: if pfile != lastfile: print print "***", pfile, "***" lastfile = pfile lastcfile = "" if cfile != pfile and lastcfile != cfile: print " -->", cfile lastcfile = cfile print " %s.%s -> %s.%s" % (pmod, pfunc, cmod, cfunc) # turn the counts data ("(filename, lineno) = count") into something # accessible on a per-file basis per_file = {} for filename, lineno in self.counts.keys(): lines_hit = per_file[filename] = per_file.get(filename, {}) lines_hit[lineno] = self.counts[(filename, lineno)] # accumulate summary info, if needed sums = {} for filename, count in per_file.iteritems(): # skip some "files" we don't care about... if filename == "<string>": continue if filename.startswith("<doctest "): continue if filename.endswith((".pyc", ".pyo")): filename = filename[:-1] if coverdir is None: dir = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(filename)) modulename = modname(filename) else: dir = coverdir if not os.path.exists(dir): os.makedirs(dir) modulename = fullmodname(filename) # If desired, get a list of the line numbers which represent # executable content (returned as a dict for better lookup speed) if show_missing: lnotab = find_executable_linenos(filename) else: lnotab = {} source = linecache.getlines(filename) coverpath = os.path.join(dir, modulename + ".cover") n_hits, n_lines = self.write_results_file(coverpath, source, lnotab, count) if summary and n_lines: percent = 100 * n_hits // n_lines sums[modulename] = n_lines, percent, modulename, filename if summary and sums: mods = sums.keys() mods.sort() print "lines cov% module (path)" for m in mods: n_lines, percent, modulename, filename = sums[m] print "%5d %3d%% %s (%s)" % sums[m] if self.outfile: # try and store counts and module info into self.outfile try: pickle.dump((self.counts, self.calledfuncs, self.callers), open(self.outfile, 'wb'), 1) except IOError, err: print >> sys.stderr, "Can't save counts files because %s" % err def write_results_file(self, path, lines, lnotab, lines_hit): """Return a coverage results file in path.""" try: outfile = open(path, "w") except IOError, err: print >> sys.stderr, ("trace: Could not open %r for writing: %s " "- skipping" % (path, err)) return 0, 0 n_lines = 0 n_hits = 0 for i, line in enumerate(lines): lineno = i + 1 # do the blank/comment match to try to mark more lines # (help the reader find stuff that hasn't been covered) if lineno in lines_hit: outfile.write("%5d: " % lines_hit[lineno]) n_hits += 1 n_lines += 1 elif rx_blank.match(line): outfile.write(" ") else: # lines preceded by no marks weren't hit # Highlight them if so indicated, unless the line contains # #pragma: NO COVER if lineno in lnotab and not PRAGMA_NOCOVER in lines[i]: outfile.write(">>>>>> ") n_lines += 1 else: outfile.write(" ") outfile.write(lines[i].expandtabs(8)) outfile.close() return n_hits, n_lines def find_lines_from_code(code, strs): """Return dict where keys are lines in the line number table.""" linenos = {} for _, lineno in dis.findlinestarts(code): if lineno not in strs: linenos[lineno] = 1 return linenos def find_lines(code, strs): """Return lineno dict for all code objects reachable from code.""" # get all of the lineno information from the code of this scope level linenos = find_lines_from_code(code, strs) # and check the constants for references to other code objects for c in code.co_consts: if inspect.iscode(c): # find another code object, so recurse into it linenos.update(find_lines(c, strs)) return linenos def find_strings(filename): """Return a dict of possible docstring positions. The dict maps line numbers to strings. There is an entry for line that contains only a string or a part of a triple-quoted string. """ d = {} # If the first token is a string, then it's the module docstring. # Add this special case so that the test in the loop passes. prev_ttype = token.INDENT f = open(filename) for ttype, tstr, start, end, line in tokenize.generate_tokens(f.readline): if ttype == token.STRING: if prev_ttype == token.INDENT: sline, scol = start eline, ecol = end for i in range(sline, eline + 1): d[i] = 1 prev_ttype = ttype f.close() return d def find_executable_linenos(filename): """Return dict where keys are line numbers in the line number table.""" try: prog = open(filename, "rU").read() except IOError, err: print >> sys.stderr, ("Not printing coverage data for %r: %s" % (filename, err)) return {} code = compile(prog, filename, "exec") strs = find_strings(filename) return find_lines(code, strs) class Trace: def __init__(self, count=1, trace=1, countfuncs=0, countcallers=0, ignoremods=(), ignoredirs=(), infile=None, outfile=None, timing=False): """ @param count true iff it should count number of times each line is executed @param trace true iff it should print out each line that is being counted @param countfuncs true iff it should just output a list of (filename, modulename, funcname,) for functions that were called at least once; This overrides `count' and `trace' @param ignoremods a list of the names of modules to ignore @param ignoredirs a list of the names of directories to ignore all of the (recursive) contents of @param infile file from which to read stored counts to be added into the results @param outfile file in which to write the results @param timing true iff timing information be displayed """ self.infile = infile self.outfile = outfile self.ignore = Ignore(ignoremods, ignoredirs) self.counts = {} # keys are (filename, linenumber) self.blabbed = {} # for debugging self.pathtobasename = {} # for memoizing os.path.basename self.donothing = 0 self.trace = trace self._calledfuncs = {} self._callers = {} self._caller_cache = {} self.start_time = None if timing: self.start_time = time.time() if countcallers: self.globaltrace = self.globaltrace_trackcallers elif countfuncs: self.globaltrace = self.globaltrace_countfuncs elif trace and count: self.globaltrace = self.globaltrace_lt self.localtrace = self.localtrace_trace_and_count elif trace: self.globaltrace = self.globaltrace_lt self.localtrace = self.localtrace_trace elif count: self.globaltrace = self.globaltrace_lt self.localtrace = self.localtrace_count else: # Ahem -- do nothing? Okay. self.donothing = 1 def run(self, cmd): import __main__ dict = __main__.__dict__ self.runctx(cmd, dict, dict) def runctx(self, cmd, globals=None, locals=None): if globals is None: globals = {} if locals is None: locals = {} if not self.donothing: _settrace(self.globaltrace) try: exec cmd in globals, locals finally: if not self.donothing: _unsettrace() def runfunc(self, func, *args, **kw): result = None if not self.donothing: sys.settrace(self.globaltrace) try: result = func(*args, **kw) finally: if not self.donothing: sys.settrace(None) return result def file_module_function_of(self, frame): code = frame.f_code filename = code.co_filename if filename: modulename = modname(filename) else: modulename = None funcname = code.co_name clsname = None if code in self._caller_cache: if self._caller_cache[code] is not None: clsname = self._caller_cache[code] else: self._caller_cache[code] = None ## use of gc.get_referrers() was suggested by Michael Hudson # all functions which refer to this code object funcs = [f for f in gc.get_referrers(code) if inspect.isfunction(f)] # require len(func) == 1 to avoid ambiguity caused by calls to # new.function(): "In the face of ambiguity, refuse the # temptation to guess." if len(funcs) == 1: dicts = [d for d in gc.get_referrers(funcs[0]) if isinstance(d, dict)] if len(dicts) == 1: classes = [c for c in gc.get_referrers(dicts[0]) if hasattr(c, "__bases__")] if len(classes) == 1: # ditto for new.classobj() clsname = classes[0].__name__ # cache the result - assumption is that new.* is # not called later to disturb this relationship # _caller_cache could be flushed if functions in # the new module get called. self._caller_cache[code] = clsname if clsname is not None: funcname = "%s.%s" % (clsname, funcname) return filename, modulename, funcname def globaltrace_trackcallers(self, frame, why, arg): """Handler for call events. Adds information about who called who to the self._callers dict. """ if why == 'call': # XXX Should do a better job of identifying methods this_func = self.file_module_function_of(frame) parent_func = self.file_module_function_of(frame.f_back) self._callers[(parent_func, this_func)] = 1 def globaltrace_countfuncs(self, frame, why, arg): """Handler for call events. Adds (filename, modulename, funcname) to the self._calledfuncs dict. """ if why == 'call': this_func = self.file_module_function_of(frame) self._calledfuncs[this_func] = 1 def globaltrace_lt(self, frame, why, arg): """Handler for call events. If the code block being entered is to be ignored, returns `None', else returns self.localtrace. """ if why == 'call': code = frame.f_code filename = frame.f_globals.get('__file__', None) if filename: # XXX modname() doesn't work right for packages, so # the ignore support won't work right for packages modulename = modname(filename) if modulename is not None: ignore_it = self.ignore.names(filename, modulename) if not ignore_it: if self.trace: print (" --- modulename: %s, funcname: %s" % (modulename, code.co_name)) return self.localtrace else: return None def localtrace_trace_and_count(self, frame, why, arg): if why == "line": # record the file name and line number of every trace filename = frame.f_code.co_filename lineno = frame.f_lineno key = filename, lineno self.counts[key] = self.counts.get(key, 0) + 1 if self.start_time: print '%.2f' % (time.time() - self.start_time), bname = os.path.basename(filename) print "%s(%d): %s" % (bname, lineno, linecache.getline(filename, lineno)), return self.localtrace def localtrace_trace(self, frame, why, arg): if why == "line": # record the file name and line number of every trace filename = frame.f_code.co_filename lineno = frame.f_lineno if self.start_time: print '%.2f' % (time.time() - self.start_time), bname = os.path.basename(filename) print "%s(%d): %s" % (bname, lineno, linecache.getline(filename, lineno)), return self.localtrace def localtrace_count(self, frame, why, arg): if why == "line": filename = frame.f_code.co_filename lineno = frame.f_lineno key = filename, lineno self.counts[key] = self.counts.get(key, 0) + 1 return self.localtrace def results(self): return CoverageResults(self.counts, infile=self.infile, outfile=self.outfile, calledfuncs=self._calledfuncs, callers=self._callers) def _err_exit(msg): sys.stderr.write("%s: %s\n" % (sys.argv[0], msg)) sys.exit(1) def main(argv=None): import getopt if argv is None: argv = sys.argv try: opts, prog_argv = getopt.getopt(argv[1:], "tcrRf:d:msC:lTg", ["help", "version", "trace", "count", "report", "no-report", "summary", "file=", "missing", "ignore-module=", "ignore-dir=", "coverdir=", "listfuncs", "trackcalls", "timing"]) except getopt.error, msg: sys.stderr.write("%s: %s\n" % (sys.argv[0], msg)) sys.stderr.write("Try `%s --help' for more information\n" % sys.argv[0]) sys.exit(1) trace = 0 count = 0 report = 0 no_report = 0 counts_file = None missing = 0 ignore_modules = [] ignore_dirs = [] coverdir = None summary = 0 listfuncs = False countcallers = False timing = False for opt, val in opts: if opt == "--help": usage(sys.stdout) sys.exit(0) if opt == "--version": sys.stdout.write("trace 2.0\n") sys.exit(0) if opt == "-T" or opt == "--trackcalls": countcallers = True continue if opt == "-l" or opt == "--listfuncs": listfuncs = True continue if opt == "-g" or opt == "--timing": timing = True continue if opt == "-t" or opt == "--trace": trace = 1 continue if opt == "-c" or opt == "--count": count = 1 continue if opt == "-r" or opt == "--report": report = 1 continue if opt == "-R" or opt == "--no-report": no_report = 1 continue if opt == "-f" or opt == "--file": counts_file = val continue if opt == "-m" or opt == "--missing": missing = 1 continue if opt == "-C" or opt == "--coverdir": coverdir = val continue if opt == "-s" or opt == "--summary": summary = 1 continue if opt == "--ignore-module": for mod in val.split(","): ignore_modules.append(mod.strip()) continue if opt == "--ignore-dir": for s in val.split(os.pathsep): s = os.path.expandvars(s) # should I also call expanduser? (after all, could use $HOME) s = s.replace("$prefix", os.path.join(sys.prefix, "lib", "python" + sys.version[:3])) s = s.replace("$exec_prefix", os.path.join(sys.exec_prefix, "lib", "python" + sys.version[:3])) s = os.path.normpath(s) ignore_dirs.append(s) continue assert 0, "Should never get here" if listfuncs and (count or trace): _err_exit("cannot specify both --listfuncs and (--trace or --count)") if not (count or trace or report or listfuncs or countcallers): _err_exit("must specify one of --trace, --count, --report, " "--listfuncs, or --trackcalls") if report and no_report: _err_exit("cannot specify both --report and --no-report") if report and not counts_file: _err_exit("--report requires a --file") if no_report and len(prog_argv) == 0: _err_exit("missing name of file to run") # everything is ready if report: results = CoverageResults(infile=counts_file, outfile=counts_file) results.write_results(missing, summary=summary, coverdir=coverdir) else: sys.argv = prog_argv progname = prog_argv[0] sys.path[0] = os.path.split(progname)[0] t = Trace(count, trace, countfuncs=listfuncs, countcallers=countcallers, ignoremods=ignore_modules, ignoredirs=ignore_dirs, infile=counts_file, outfile=counts_file, timing=timing) try: with open(progname) as fp: code = compile(fp.read(), progname, 'exec') # try to emulate __main__ namespace as much as possible globs = { '__file__': progname, '__name__': '__main__', '__package__': None, '__cached__': None, } t.runctx(code, globs, globs) except IOError, err: _err_exit("Cannot run file %r because: %s" % (sys.argv[0], err)) except SystemExit: pass results = t.results() if not no_report: results.write_results(missing, summary=summary, coverdir=coverdir) if __name__=='__main__': main()
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